7.1. Built-in Module signal

• A handler for a particular signal, once set, remains installed until it is explicitly reset (i.e. Python uses the BSD style interface).

• There is no way to ``block'' signals temporarily from critical sections (since this is not supported by all UNIX flavors).

• Although Python signal handlers are called asynchronously as far as the Python user is concerned, they can only occur between the ``atomic'' instructions of the Python interpreter. This means that signals arriving during long calculations implemented purely in C (e.g. regular expression matches on large bodies of text) may be delayed for an arbitrary amount of time.

• When a signal arrives during an I/O operation, it is possible that the I/O operation raises an exception after the signal handler returns. This is dependent on the underlying UNIX system's semantics regarding interrupted system calls.

• Because the C signal handler always returns, it makes little sense to catch synchronous errors like SIGFPE or SIGSEGV.

• Python installs a small number of signal handlers by default: SIGPIPE is ignored (so write errors on pipes and sockets can be reported as ordinary Python exceptions), SIGINT is translated into a KeyboardInterrupt exception, and SIGTERM is caught so that necessary cleanup (especially sys.exitfunc) can be performed before actually terminating. All of these can be overridden.

• Some care must be taken if both signals and threads are used in the same program. The fundamental thing to remember in using signals and threads simultaneously is: always perform signal() operations in the main thread of execution. Any thread can perform an alarm(), getsignal(), or pause(); only the main thread can set a new signal handler, and the main thread will be the only one to receive signals (this is enforced by the Python signal module, even if the underlying thread implementation supports sending signals to individual threads). This means that signals can't be used as a means of interthread communication. Use locks instead.

SIG_DFL -- data of module signal

This is one of two standard signal handling options; it will simply perform the default function for the signal. For example, on most systems the default action for SIGQUIT is to dump core and exit, while the default action for SIGCLD is to simply ignore it.

SIG_IGN -- data of module signal

This is another standard signal handler, which will simply ignore the given signal.

SIG* -- data of module signal

All the signal numbers are defined symbolically. For example, the hangup signal is defined as signal.SIGHUP; the variable names are identical to the names used in C programs, as found in signal.h. The UNIX man page for signal lists the existing signals (on some systems this is signal(2), on others the list is in signal(7)). Note that not all systems define the same set of signal names; only those names defined by the system are defined by this module.

NSIG -- data of module signal

One more than the number of the highest signal number.

alarm (time) -- function of module signal

If time is non-zero, this function requests that a SIGALRM signal be sent to the process in time seconds. Any previously scheduled alarm is canceled (i.e. only one alarm can be scheduled at any time). The returned value is then the number of seconds before any previously set alarm was to have been delivered. If time is zero, no alarm id scheduled, and any scheduled alarm is canceled. The return value is the number of seconds remaining before a previously scheduled alarm. If the return value is zero, no alarm is currently scheduled. (See the UNIX man page alarm(2).)

getsignal (signalnum) -- function of module signal

Return the current signal handler for the signal signalnum. The returned value may be a callable Python object, or one of the special values signal.SIG_IGN, signal.SIG_DFL or None. Here, signal.SIG_IGN means that the signal was previously ignored, signal.SIG_DFL means that the default way of handling the signal was previously in use, and None means that the previous signal handler was not installed from Python.

pause () -- function of module signal

Cause the process to sleep until a signal is received; the appropriate handler will then be called. Returns nothing. (See the UNIX man page signal(2).)

signal (signalnum, handler) -- function of module signal

Set the handler for signal signalnum to the function handler. handler can be any callable Python object, or one of the special values signal.SIG_IGN or signal.SIG_DFL. The previous signal handler will be returned (see the description of getsignal() above). (See the UNIX man page signal(2).)

When threads are enabled, this function can only be called from the main thread; attempting to call it from other threads will cause a ValueError exception to be raised.

The handler is called with two arguments: the signal number and the current stack frame (None or a frame object; see the reference manual for a description of frame objects).